Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)
Narrowed arteries reduce blood flow to the legs, causing pain with walking, slow-healing sores and cold feet.
Understanding Peripheral Arterial Disease
Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) is a common circulatory condition in which narrowed arteries reduce blood flow to the limbs, most commonly the legs. This is typically caused by atherosclerosis, a buildup of fatty deposits (plaque) in the arterial walls over time.
Common Symptoms
Many people with PAD have mild or no symptoms, but common signs include:
Claudication
Pain, cramping, or fatigue in the calves, thighs, or buttocks during physical activity (like walking) that resolves with rest.
Numbness or Weakness
Numbness or weakness in the legs or feet.
Coldness
Coldness in the lower leg or foot, especially compared to the other side.
Slow-Healing Sores
Sores or wounds on toes, feet, or legs that heal slowly or not at all.
Skin Changes
Shiny skin, pale or bluish color, or loss of hair on legs and feet.
Weak Pulse
Weak or absent pulse in the feet or legs.
What increases your risk?
PAD is caused by fatty deposits (plaque) reducing arterial blood flow. Factors that increase the risk of developing PAD include:
Primary risk factor; significantly accelerates plaque buildup and vessel narrowing.
High blood sugar damages blood vessels and impairs peripheral circulation.
Places extra stress on arterial walls, encouraging plaque formation.
Excess lipids circulate in the blood and contribute directly to plaque buildup.
Risk increases significantly after age 50, or with a family history of vascular disease.
Diagnosis & Medical Interventions
Vascular specialists evaluate and treat PAD using non-invasive diagnostics and targeted therapies:
See ProceduresAnkle-Brachial Index (ABI)
A quick non-invasive test comparing blood pressure in the ankle to blood pressure in the arm.
Vascular Ultrasound & Imaging
Doppler ultrasound, CT angiography, or MR angiography to map blood flow and pinpoint specific blockages.
Structured Exercise Therapy
Monitored walking programs designed to build collateral circulation and increase pain-free walking distance.
Medications
Antiplatelet therapies (such as aspirin or clopidogrel), cholesterol-lowering statins, and medications for blood pressure or symptom relief.
Advanced Revascularization Procedures
Minimally invasive procedures (angioplasty, stenting, or atherectomy) or surgical bypass to restore blood flow to critical areas.
Self-Care & Daily Management
Patients can slow disease progression and improve mobility through everyday actions:
Quit Smoking
Stopping all tobacco use is the single most effective step to prevent disease progression.
Follow a Daily Walking Program
Walk until mild discomfort begins, rest until it subsides, and resume walking. Aim for 30–45 minutes several days a week.
Inspect Feet Daily
Check feet and toes every day for cuts, sores, blisters, redness, or swelling to catch potential infections early.
Heart-Healthy Nutrition
Adopt a diet low in saturated fats, sodium, and refined sugars to support overall cardiovascular health.
Wear Proper Footwear
Choose comfortable, well-fitting shoes to prevent pressure sores or skin breakdown.
Red Flag Symptoms (When to Seek Immediate Care)
Seek emergency medical evaluation if you experience:
- Severe leg or foot pain that occurs at rest or wakes you up at night.
- A toe, foot, or leg that suddenly becomes cold, pale, or numb.
- Open sores or ulcers on your feet or legs that appear infected (redness spreading, warm to the touch, foul odor, or pus).
- Darkening or blackening of the skin on your toes or feet (signs of tissue damage or gangrene).
Procedures we perform for Peripheral Arterial Disease
Take the first step toward healthier circulation
Our vascular specialists will evaluate your condition, explain every option clearly, and build a plan that fits your life.